Summary:

The chapter begins on 10 May 1994, the day Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the first Black President of democratic South Africa. The weather was bright and pleasant, symbolizing hope and a new beginning. In the days leading up to the inauguration, Mandela was surrounded by world leaders and dignitaries who had come to honour this historic occasion. The ceremony became the largest gathering of international leaders ever held in South Africa, showing the world’s support for the country’s transition to democracy.

The inauguration was held at the Union Buildings in Pretoria, which had once been the centre of white supremacy during apartheid. For many years, these buildings symbolized racial discrimination and oppression. On this historic day, however, they became the meeting place of people from different races and countries—a “rainbow gathering.” This transformation represented South Africa’s journey from racial segregation to equality and democracy.

Mandela attended the ceremony with his daughter, Zenani. Before him, F.W. de Klerk took the oath as the Second Deputy President, followed by Thabo Mbeki as the First Deputy President. When Mandela took the oath as President, he promised to protect the Constitution and work for the welfare of all South Africans. In his inaugural speech, he thanked the international community for supporting South Africa and declared that apartheid had finally ended. He pledged to remove poverty, discrimination, and injustice and promised that oppression would never return.

After the oath-taking ceremony, military aircraft flew over the Union Buildings in perfect formation. The display represented more than military strength—it symbolized the armed forces’ loyalty to the newly elected democratic government. Mandela reflected on how the same military officers who once considered him a criminal now saluted him as their President. Jets released smoke in the colours of the new South African flag, representing national pride and unity.

The ceremony included the singing of both South African national anthems. White citizens sang “Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika”, while Black citizens sang “Die Stem,” the old national anthem. Although many people did not yet know the words, Mandela believed that they would soon learn them. This symbolized forgiveness, reconciliation, and the willingness of both communities to respect each other’s traditions.

Mandela reflected on South Africa’s painful history. After the Anglo-Boer War, white rulers united to establish apartheid, creating one of the world’s most unjust systems. For decades, Black South Africans suffered discrimination and oppression. Now, after many years of struggle, that cruel system had been replaced by a democratic government that guaranteed equal rights to all citizens regardless of race.

Mandela acknowledged that his presidency was possible only because of the sacrifices made by thousands of freedom fighters before him. He felt that he was merely continuing their struggle. He expressed sadness that many of these heroes did not live to witness South Africa’s freedom. He also praised great leaders such as Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthuli, Yusuf Dadoo, Bram Fischer, and Robert Sobukwe, whose courage and dedication inspired the nation.

Mandela explained that he learned the true meaning of courage from his fellow freedom fighters. Courage does not mean being free from fear; instead, it means overcoming fear. He had seen ordinary people endure imprisonment, torture, and even death without giving up. Their determination taught him that bravery is measured by one’s ability to conquer fear.

Mandela believed that hatred is not natural—it is learned. Since people can learn to hate, they can also be taught to love. Even during his years in prison, he occasionally saw kindness in the guards. These small moments convinced him that human goodness can never be completely destroyed. He compared goodness to a flame that may be hidden but can never be extinguished.

Mandela explained that every person has two responsibilities—towards family and towards society. Under apartheid, Black South Africans found it almost impossible to fulfill both duties. Those who fought for justice were separated from their families. Mandela himself had to sacrifice his roles as a son, husband, and father in order to serve his people.

Mandela remembered his childhood when he believed he was completely free. He enjoyed playing, swimming, herding cattle, and following tribal customs. As he grew older, however, he realized that these freedoms were only temporary because apartheid laws restricted his opportunities and rights.

At first, Mandela wanted only personal freedom—the freedom to study, work, marry, and live peacefully. Later, he realized that millions of Black South Africans were denied these same rights. His personal struggle became a collective struggle for justice. This realization transformed him into a fearless leader willing to sacrifice everything for his country’s freedom.

Mandela concludes by explaining that freedom cannot be divided. If one person is oppressed, everyone is affected. He also believes that oppressors are not truly free because hatred and prejudice imprison them morally. Therefore, both the oppressed and the oppressor need liberation to regain their humanity. This powerful message emphasizes universal freedom, equality, and compassion.

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